How to fix random pc shutdowns?

Hello Paula,

Thank you for posting your question on our forum.

Random shutdowns can be caused by hardware, power, or software issues. The most common reasons include overheating, power supply failures, bad RAM, or driver problems.

These steps will help you identify and fix the cause:

1) Check for Overheating

Overheating is one of the most frequent causes of random shutdowns.

- Install a hardware monitoring tool such as HWMonitor, Core Temp, or HWiNFO.

- Observe CPU and GPU temperatures while using the computer.

Normal temperature ranges:CPU idle: 30–50°C
CPU under load: below 85°C
GPU under load: below 80°C

Please note that laptops can run significantly hotter than desktops, you can refer to the laptop manufacturer's website to check if the values are acceptable.

If temperatures rise quickly before a shutdown, overheating is likely the cause. In that case:

- Clean dust from fans, vents, and heat sinks.

- Ensure all fans are spinning correctly.

- Replace the thermal paste on the CPU if it has dried out.

- Confirm that internal airflow is not blocked by cables or components.

(May require assistance by a technician or somebody with expertise.)

2) Check the Power Supply (PSU)

A faulty or weak power supply can cause sudden shutdowns or restarts.

- Ensure PSU cables are properly connected to the motherboard and GPU.

- If possible, test with a different power supply.

- Use a PSU tester or have it checked at a repair shop.

3) Review Power Settings

Incorrect power settings can trigger unexpected shutdowns.

- Open Control Panel → Power Options

- Choose High performance or Balanced mode.

- Click Change plan settings → Change advanced power settings.

- Expand Processor power management → Minimum processor state and set it to 5%.

- Expand Sleep and ensure that it is not overly aggressive in turning off devices.

4) Test the RAM

Defective memory can cause unpredictable shutdowns or restarts.

- Type Windows Memory Diagnostic in the Start menu

- Choose Restart now and check for problems.

- Let the test complete and review the results.

- If errors are reported, remove one memory stick at a time to identify the faulty module.

5) Scan for Malware and System Corruption

Malware or damaged system files can occasionally cause shutdowns.

- Run a full scan using Windows Defender or Malwarebytes.

- Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run: sfc /scannow

- Then run: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

6) Update BIOS, Drivers, and Windows

Outdated BIOS or drivers can cause power management or hardware communication issues.

- Update your motherboard BIOS from the manufacturer’s website.

- Update chipset, GPU, and storage drivers.

- Ensure that Windows is fully updated.

7) Check Event Viewer Logs

Event Viewer can help determine what caused the shutdown.

- Press Win + X → Event Viewer

- Navigate to Windows Logs → System.

- Look for Critical or Error messages at the time of the shutdown.

Common errors include:

- Kernel-Power 41 (63): unexpected power loss - often PSU or overheating

- Driver Power State Failure - driver or sleep-related issue.

If you provide the Event ID or error message, it can be analyzed further.

8) Inspect Other Hardware

If none of the above steps help, check for other potential faults:

- Damaged or swollen motherboard capacitors.

- Faulty GPU or excessive power draw.

- Loose or shorting power/reset buttons on the case.

If you need further assistance, please don't hesitate to contact us!